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TiO2-Nanowired Delivery of Chinese Extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and Bilobalide BN-52021 Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebrolysin Following Spinal Cord Injury at Cold Environment

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机构: [1]Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2]Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [3]“RoNeuro” Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [4]Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Yuexiu District, China [5]Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA [6]Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [7]LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain [8]Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA [9]Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Military personnel during combat or peacekeeping operations are exposed to extreme climates of hot or cold environments for longer durations. Spinal cord injury is quite common in military personnel following central nervous system (CNS) trauma indicating a possibility of altered pathophysiological responses at different ambient temperatures. Our previous studies show that the pathophysiology of brain injury is exacerbated in animals acclimated to cold (5 °C) or hot (30 °C) environments. In these diverse ambient temperature zones, trauma exacerbated oxidative stress generation inducing greater blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cell damage. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and BN-52021 treatment reduces brain pathology following heat stress. This effect is further improved following TiO2 nanowired delivery in heat stress in animal models. Several studies indicate the role of EGb-761 in attenuating spinal cord induced neuronal damages and improved functional deficit. This is quite likely that these effects are further improved following nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and peptide fragments in spinal cord trauma. In this review, TiO2 nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with nanowired cerebrolysin is examined in a rat model of spinal cord injury at cold environment. Our results show that spinal cord injury aggravates cord pathology in cold-acclimated rats and nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin significantly induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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第一作者机构: [1]Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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