Objective: Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has recently been recommended as a first target for dyslipidemia management. We previously reported that LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-C levels were similarly associated with periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease. Here we investigated the comparative prognostic value of non-HDL-C and LDL-C for PMI following PCI in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 1194 consecutive T2D patients with normal preprocedural cTnI undergoing PCI. Patients were divided into the two groups: group A [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7%, n = 5671 and group B (HbA1c >= 7%, n = 627). PMI was evaluated by cTnI analysis within 24 h. The relationship of preprocedural non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels with peak cTnI values after PCI was examined. Results: Patients in group B, with higher preprocedural non-HDL-C levels, had higher postprocedural cTnI levels (beta = 0.102, P = 0.011). In the multivariable model, a 1-SD increase in non-HDL-C produced a 30% and 33% increased risk of postprocedural cTnI >3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) and >5 x ULN in group B, respectively. However, neither LDL-C nor group A patients were affected. Furthermore, patients with non-HDL-C levels >= 130 mg/dl compared with non-HDL-C levels <= 100 mg/dl were associated with a 83.3% and 71.7% increased risk of postprocedural cTnI >3 x ULN and >5 x ULN in group B, respectively. Conclusions: In poorly-controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c >= 7%) undergoing PCI, non-HDL-C but not LDL-C was independently associated with and increased risk of PMI, and non-HDL-C levels >= 130 mg/dl had a worse PMI risk profile compared with non-HDL-C levels <100 mg/dl. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.