Objective To review the distribution of the pathogens isolated from blood culture in the patients with convalescent cerebral infarction from 2015 to 2017, and analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these strains. Methods A total of 1225 nonduplicate strains were isolated from blood culture during this period. The strains were analyzed in terms of the presence/absence of cerebral infarction. Results The positive rate of blood culture in the patients with cerebral infarction (28.7%) was significantly higher than that in the patients without cerebral infarction (12.5%). The distribution of bacterial pathogens was similar in the two groups. None of the Staphylococcus isolates in either group did not show resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, or tigecycline. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA and MRCNS) was higher in the patients with cerebral infarction than that in the patients without cerebral infarction. More than 70% of the Enterococcus isolates were resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents tested in both groups. All the Enterococcus isolates (100%) were resistant to high level aminoglycosides. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) was 8.3% in the patients without cerebral infarction. The prevalence of carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the patients without cerebral infarction was significantly higher than that in the patients with cerebral infarction. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in both groups of patients showed similar resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents, generally lower than 30%. Conclusions The positive rate of blood culture in the patients with convalescent cerebral infarction is significantly higher than the inpatients without cerebral infarction during the same period. Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in convalescent patients with cerebral infarction. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile is different between the patients with cerebral infarction and those without cerebral infarction. The antimicrobial therapy for bloodstream infections in the patients with cerebral infarction should consider the specific disease status and the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. © 2018, Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Infection. All Rights Reserved.