Aims: In this study, we discuss and analyse the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and intestinal probiotics of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in order to illustrate the possible effect of lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in patients with diabetic osteoporosis. Methods: 43 patients with type 2 diabetes melitus were chosen, and their general information was recorded, including BMD. Lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and serum inflammatory factor were detected by PCR and western-blotting analysis respectively and the pearson correlation analysis was used. Results: Results showed that there was a positive correlation between the amount of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and BMD. The level of TNF-α, hs-CRP was significantly improved in PBMCs of patients with diabetic osteoporosis compared diabetes patients without osteoporosis. However, MCP-1 didn’t have significant difference between these two groups. Conclusions: Positive significant correlation between BMD and the amount of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium was found in this study. Besides, TNF-α, hs-CRP are significantly elevated in patients with diabetic osteoporosis. Those conclusions may provide a new therapeutic view on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with T2D in the future. © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.