Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cancer and inflammatory diseases is a key mediator of disease progression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to inhibit the expression of PGE2 by depressing cyclooxygenase (COX) in inflammatory treatments. However, the inhibition to COXs may cause serious side effects. Thus, it is urgent to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs aiming new targets to inhibit PGE2 production. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) catalyzes the final step of PGE2 biosynthesis. Therefore, the selective inhibition of mPGES-1 has become a promising strategy in the treatments of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Our previous studies confirmed that sinomenine (SIN) is a specific mPGES-1 inhibitor. However, the exact mechanism by which SIN inhibits mPGES-1 remains unknown. This study aimed to explain the regulation effect of SIN to mPGES-1 gene expression by its DNA methylation induction effect. We found that the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) reversed the inhibitory effect of SIN to mPGES-1. Besides, SIN selectively increased the methylation level of the promoter region in the mPGES-1 gene while the pretreatment of 5-AzaC suppressed this effect. The results also shows that pretreatment with SIN increased the methylation level of specific GCG sites in the promoter region of mPGES-1. This specific methylation site may become a new biomarker for predicting and diagnosing RA and cancer with high expression of mPGES-1. Also, our research provides new ideas and solutions for clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to mPGES-1 and for targeted methylation strategy in drug development.Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.