Aims and Objectives This study aimed to construct a structural equation model guided by the ecological model to explore the factors influencing health behaviour among hypertensive stroke patients 6 months post-stroke. Background Health behaviour is important for recurrence prevention in hypertensive stroke patients. Moreover, previous studies have indicated that health behaviour at the end of the recovery period is of particular concern. The ecological model provides an integrated perspective for explaining the factors influencing health behaviour. Design A cross-sectional study guided by the STROBE. Methods A total of 121 hypertensive stroke patients were included to assess stroke knowledge, health belief, depression, family function, chronic illness resource and health behaviour. A structural equation model was used to explore the health behaviour's factors and pathways. Results In the final ecological model, sex, education level, depression and chronic illness resource directly affected health behaviour. Stroke knowledge directly affected health behaviour and indirectly affected health behaviour through health belief and chronic illness resource. Family function indirectly affected health behaviour through health belief, depression and chronic illness resource. Health belief affected health behaviour indirectly through depression and chronic illness resource. Conclusions Hypertensive stroke patients' health behaviour is jointly and interactively influenced by stroke knowledge, health belief, depression, family function and chronic illness resource. In particular, chronic illness resource is an important mediator of health behaviour. Relevance to Clinical Practice For clinical practitioners, health behaviour of men and patients with low educational levels should be specifically focused on. Additionally, it is necessary to provide stroke knowledge, establish health beliefs, control depression emotion and improve family function. Furthermore, chronic illness resources should be improved particularly due to its important mediating role. Patient or Public Contribution Participants completed demographic and disease-related questionnaires during hospitalisation and completed other questionnaires when returning to hospital at 6 months follow-up.