To investigate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) versus percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with pediculoplasty (PVP-PP) for Kümmell's disease (KD).Between February 2017 and November 2020, 76 patients with KD undergoing PVP or PVP-PP were included in this retrospective study. Based on the PVP whether combined with pediculoplasty, those patients were divided into PVP group (n = 39) and PVP-PP group (n = 37). The operation duration, estimated blood loss, cement volume, and hospitalization stays were recorded and analyzed. Meanwhile, the radiological variations including the Cobb's angle, anterior height of index vertebra, and middle height of index vertebra from X-ray were recorded preoperatively, at 1 days postoperatively and the final follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were also evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative recovery values of these data were compared.The two groups showed no significant difference in demographic features (p > 0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and time of hospital stay revealed no sharp statistical distinctions either (p > 0.05), except that PVP-PP used more bone cement than PVP (5.8 ± 1.5 mL vs. 5.0 ± 1.2 mL, p < 0.05). The anterior and middle height of vertebra, Cobb's angle, VAS, and ODI was observed a little without significant difference between the two groups before and 1 days postoperatively (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, ODI and VAS scores decreased significantly in the PVP-PP group than in the PVP group at follow-up (p < 0.001). The PVP-PP group exhibited a slight amelioration in Ha, Hm, and Cobb's angle when compared to the PVP group, displaying statistical significance (p < 0.05). No significant disparity in cement leakage was observed between the PVP-PP and PVP groups (29.4% vs. 15.4%, p > 0.05). It is worth noting that the prevalence of bone cement loosening displayed a remarkable decrement within the PVP-PP group, with only one case recorded, as opposed to the PVP group's seven cases (2.7% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.05).Both PVP-PP and PVP can relieve pain effectively in patients with KD. Moreover, PVP-PP can achieve more satisfactory results than PVP. Thus, compared with PVP, PVP-PP is more suitable for KD without neurological deficit, from a long-term clinical effect perspective.© 2023. The Author(s).