Accumulating evidence has indicated the presence of mature miRNAs in the nucleus, but their effects on steatohepatitis remain elusive. We have previously demonstrated that the intranuclear miR-204-3p in macrophages protects against atherosclerosis, which shares multiple risk factors with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Herein, we aimed to explore the functional significance of miR-204-3p in steatohepatitis.miR-204-3p levels and subcellular localization were assessed in the livers and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MASLD patients. Wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet were administered an adeno-associated virus system containing miR-204-3p to determine the effect of miR-204-3p on steatohepatitis. Co-culture systems were applied to investigate the crosstalk between macrophages and hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Multiple high-throughput epigenomic sequencings were performed to explore miR-204-3p targets.miR-204-3p expression decreased in the livers and macrophages in mice and patients with fatty liver. In MASLD patients, miR-204-3p levels in PBMCs were inversely related to the severity of hepatic inflammation and damage. Macrophage-specific miR-204-3p overexpression reduced steatohepatitis in HFD- or MCD diet-fed mice. miR-204-3p-overexpressing macrophages inhibited TLR4/JNK signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, thereby limiting fat deposition and inflammation in hepatocytes and fibrogenic activation in HSCs. Epigenomic profiling identified miR-204-3p as a specific regulator of ULK1 expression. ULK1 transcription and VPS34 complex activation by intranuclear miR-204-3p improved autophagic flux, promoting the anti-inflammatory effects of miR-204-3p in macrophages.miR-204-3p inhibits macrophage inflammation, coordinating macrophage actions on hepatocytes and HSCs to ameliorate steatohepatitis. Macrophage miR-204-3p may be a therapeutic target for MASLD.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic inflammatory disease ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of MASLD remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that miR-204-3p levels in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells are negatively correlates with disease severity in patients with MASLD. Nuclear miR-204-3p activates ULK1 transcription and improves autophagic flux, limiting macrophage activation and hepatic steatosis. Our study provides a novel understanding of the mechanism of macrophage autophagy and inflammation in steatohepatitis and suggests that miR-204-3p may act as a potential therapeutic target for MASLD.Copyright © 2024 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.