This study observes the medication adherence of chronic kidney disease patients and analyzes its related factors. Methods: Data were collected from chronic kidney disease patients who had first visited the Chronic Disease Management Clinic at the Nephrology Department of the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between March 2014 and April 2017. Data included patients' basic information, the Morisky compliance scale, accompanying diseases, laboratory test results, what types of medication were being taken, etc. Results: 210 CKD patients were enrolled in this study. Round 1: 97 patients were considered to have good adherence, 113 were considered to have poor adherence. Round 2: 91 patients were considered to have good adherence, 119 were considered to have poor adherence. 38 of the 97 good-adherent patients changed their medication adherence from good to poor, and 32 of the 113 poor-adherent patients changed their medication adherence from poor to good. Over 75% of the patients often forget to take medication and or often do not pay attention to taking their medication. In addition, the comparison between patients with good adherence and those with poor adherence, differences between groups in age, self-care, current residence and education level were statistically significant. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease patients have low medication adherence rates. Time has little impact on overall adherence, but has some effect on personal adherence. Younger age, higher education levels, living outside of Guangzhou city limits, and selfcare each led to worse medication compliance. Corresponding clinical measures should be taken to improve patient compliance. © 2018 IEEE.