Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) is becoming increasingly popular in China as it shortens wound-healing time and reduces scar formation. However, its exact mechanism in mediating the wound-healing process is not yet clear. In the present study a total of 90 healthy adult male Wistar rats of specific-pathogen-free grade were divided equally into a control group, wound group, MEBO group, recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) group and sham operation group. Wound healing was observed from the extracted granulation tissues and recorded at three time points on 3, 7 and 14 days. Different levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in tissue homogenate were detected using ELISA. Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), substance P (SP) as well as tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor protein and the corresponding mRNA levels in granulation tissue. It was observed that the wound healing progressed faster in the MEBO and rb-bFGF groups compared with the wound group (P<0.01). TNF-α and IL-6 had an upward-downward trend at three time points, with the wound group demonstrating the most obvious increase (P<0.01). NGF and SP mRNA and protein levels in granulation tissue in MEBO, rb-bFGF and sham operation groups reached their highest levels on day 7 and then decreased on day 14. The expression level of TrkA was also measured simultaneously and its expression pattern was similar to that of NGF and SP. These results suggested that MEBO may promote nerve repair and accelerate wound healing through mediating the expression levels of NGF and SP, as well as TrkA.