Due to its high proliferation capacity and rapid intracranial spread, glioblastoma (GBM) has become one of the least curable malignant cancers. Recently, the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) hypothesis has become a focus in the researches of molecular biological mechanisms of cancer occurrence and progression. However, there is a lack of correlation studies on GBM, as well as a lack of comprehensive analyses of GBM molecular mechanisms based on high-throughput sequencing and large-scale sample sizes. We obtained RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Further, differentially expressed mRNAs were identified from normal brain tissue and GBM tissue. The similarities between the mRNA modules with clinical traits were subjected to weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). With the mRNAs from clinical-related modules, a survival model was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Thereafter, we carried out Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Finally, we predicted interactions between lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs by TargetScan, miRDB, miRTarBase and starBase. We identified 2 lncRNAs (NORAD, XIST), 5 miRNAs (hsa-miR-3613, hsa-miR-371, hsa-miR-373, hsa-miR-32, hsa-miR-92) and 2 mRNAs (LYZ, PIK3AP1) for the construction of a ceRNA network, which might act as a prognostic biomarker of GBM. Combined with previous studies and our enrichment analysis results, we hypothesized that this ceRNA network affects immune activities and tumour microenvironment variations. Our research provides novel aspects to study GBM development and treatment. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.