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Cerebrolysin restores balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in brain following concussive head injury. Superior neuroprotective effects of TiO2 nanowired drug delivery.

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机构: [1]International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2]LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain [3]Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [4]“RoNeuro” Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [5]Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States [6]Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [7]Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States [8]Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States [9]Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
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关键词: Concussive head injury Cerebrolysin Head injury in military Blood–brain barrier Brain edema Neuronal injury Glutamate Aspartate Glycine GABA Neuroprotection Nanowired delivery

摘要:
Concussive head injury (CHI) often associated with military personnel, soccer players and related sports personnel leads to serious clinical situation causing lifetime disabilities. About 3-4k head injury per 100k populations are recorded in the United States since 2000-2014. The annual incidence of concussion has now reached to 1.2% of population in recent years. Thus, CHI inflicts a huge financial burden on the society for rehabilitation. Thus, new efforts are needed to explore novel therapeutic strategies to treat CHI cases to enhance quality of life of the victims. CHI is well known to alter endogenous balance of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) leading to brain pathology. Thus, a possibility exists that restoring the balance of amino acids in the CNS following CHI using therapeutic measures may benefit the victims in improving their quality of life. In this investigation, we used a multimodal drug Cerebrolysin (Ever NeuroPharma, Austria) that is a well-balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments in exploring its effects on CHI induced alterations in key excitatory (Glutamate, Aspartate) and inhibitory (GABA, Glycine) amino acids in the CNS in relation brain pathology in dose and time-dependent manner. CHI was produced in anesthetized rats by dropping a weight of 114.6g over the right exposed parietal skull from a distance of 20cm height (0.224N impact) and blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, neuronal injuries and behavioral dysfunctions were measured 8, 24, 48 and 72h after injury. Cerebrolysin (CBL) was administered (2.5, 5 or 10mL/kg, i.v.) after 4-72h following injury. Our observations show that repeated CBL induced a dose-dependent neuroprotection in CHI (5-10mL/kg) and also improved behavioral functions. Interestingly when CBL is delivered through TiO2 nanowires superior neuroprotective effects were observed in CHI even at a lower doses (2.5-5mL/kg). These observations are the first to demonstrate that CBL is effectively capable to attenuate CHI induced brain pathology and behavioral disturbances in a dose dependent manner, not reported earlier.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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大类 | 3 区 医学
小类 | 4 区 神经科学
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第一作者机构: [1]International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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